Machine tool



` Dec. 25, 1945. I. J. SNDERv '4,591,487

' MACHINE TOOL Y Filed Feb. 26, 1937 6 Sheets-Sheet 1 @a fw, M, @www Dec, 25, 1.945. l. J. NADER 2,391,487

MACHINE TOOL Filed Feb. 26, 1937 6 Sheets-Sheet 2 lill? Jj] Dec. 25, 1945. -J. sNADER 2,391,487

MACHINE TooL Filed Feb. 26,7193? e shets-sheet s l l INVENTO& 'ra (j S/70de Dec. 25, 1945. l, SNADER 2,391,487

MACHINE TOOL Filed Feb. 26, 1937 6 sheets-'sheet 4 /fV-Q Dec. 2s, 1945.

|. .LsNADER y' MACHINE TOOL :Filed Fei). 26, 19:57

6 Sheets-Sheet 5 @naa/eh CIN/Vm Patented Dec. 25, 1945 Ira J. Snader, Detroit, Mich.,

Corporation, Detroit, Mich.,

Michigan minor to lax-ceua.corporation of AppllcationFebruary I26, 1937, Serial No. 127,967

(Cl. 'J7-1) 8 Claims.

The present invention relates to improvements in machine tools, and has particular reference to a new and improved machine toolwith one or more spindles, each carrying one or more tools, whereby a multiplicity of cutting operations, such, for example, as boring, turning, facing, etc.. may be performed upon the work in the same cycle'.

One of the objects of the present invention is to enlarged scale illustrating the spindle mounting,

drive and positioning means.

Fig, 6 is a transverse sectional view taken along line i-S of Fig. 5. K

Fig. 7 is a side elevational view on an enlarged scale of a pump unit forming part of one form of the hydraulic system.

provide a novel hydraulic drive and control for automatically translating a. reciprocatory tool spindle support through a cycle comprising a feed stroke in one direction, a dwell at the end of the feed stroke, and a rapid return traverse in the reverse direction.

An important object resides in the provision of new and improved means for automatically start--l ing and stopping the machine spindles in pre'- determined relation to the feed stroke, andfor. n causing the'spindles to stop in a definite uniform rotary position relative to the work.

Another object is to provide novelmeans for effecting a lateral separation of the work and the cutting tools after stopping the latter in predetermined rotary position and before axial withdrawal thereof.

A further object resides in the provision of a newv and improved electric spindle control which is so interlocked with the hydraulic control that the cutting feed cannot be instituted unless the work has been moved into operative position and the spindles are rotating, and the return movement cannot be instituted unless the spindles have been stopped in proper position and the work retracted into inoperative position to permit4 withdrawal of the -tools without contacting the finished surfaces.

Further objects and advantages will become apparent as the description proceeds.

In the accompanying drawings,

Figure 1 is a front elevational view of a machine tool embodying the features of my invention, part of the control elements not being shown to avoid complexity.

Fig. 2 is a fragmentary right end elevational view of the machine, partially in vertical section along line 2--2 and partially in section along line 2'--2\, of Fig. l.

Fig. 3 is a fragmentary end elevational viewv taken along line 3-3 of Fig. l.

Figs. 4 an'd 4 are two diagrammatic views respectively illustrating the relative adjustment of one tool spindle axis and work axis in boring position and in inoperative or laterally Iretracted posiion. f

Fig. 5 is a longitudinal sectional view on an f limited thereto is especially useful for precision Fig. 8 is avdiagrammatic representation of thehydraulic system.

Fig. 9is a diagrammatic representation of a 'modifiedform of hydraulic system.

Fig. lois a diagrammatic representation of the electrical control circuits for the machine.

Fig. il isa view-of the spindle carriage taken along line II-ll of Fig. l.

Fig. l2 is a longitudinal sectional view of one of the spindle supports taken along line 2-I2 of Fig. 13 is a fragmentary side elevational view of the machine.

Fig. 14 is a fragmentary plan view of the construction illustrated in Fig. 13.

Referring more particularly to the drawings,

the machine tool, constituting the exemplary y embodiment of the invention, is adapted for various kinds of cutting operations, and although not boring. In the present instance, the work is illustrated as a. V-type internal combustion engine block I (see Fig. l) having a plurality of horizontally inclined cylinders 2v along each side to be bored.

The machine tool comprises a base havingy a horizontal pedestal 3 on which the block I is adapted to be mounted, and a column l at one side thereof and on which a plurality of tool spindles 5 are mounted for reciprocation in operative relation to the work cylinders 2.

The top of the pedestal 3 is provided with parallel horizontal transverse guideways on which a work slide or table 1 is supported for reciprocation. A suitable work fixture 8 is mounted on the table l, and is adapted to 4support the engine block I which maybe removably secured in position by means of a clamp' ,9. To provide means for reciprocating the-.table 1, a cylinder I0 is mounted in fixed position within the pedestal 3, and between and parallel to the guideways 6. Slidably disposed inthe cylinder yIii is a piston I l having a piston rod l2 operatively connected to a bracket i3. on the underside of the table 1.

T'reciprocation y ofthe table 1 is limitedanu subject to'adjustment soas to permit movement ofthe work into and out of operative cutting l as ya. -high :pressure low treme nections are reversed. The pump discharge lines' valves may be adjluted at will to' any desired selective high andl low pressures as' relationship to the tool spindles 8. Rearward movement of the table 1 is deilnitely and accurately limited to` define the operative position' of the Work (see Fig. 4) by a stop screw I4 disposed for end engagement with the iront of the pedestal 8 and adjustably secured in a Idepending bracket I8 on the front end of thetable. Simi- 1ar1y, forward movementis limited 'to denne the inoperative position (see Fig. 4*) by a stop 'screw I8 adjustably secured in a bracket I1 on the rear end ofthe table 1.

f The column 4 is provided on the top with guideways I8 (see Fig. 3) which extend at right angles to the guideways 8, and which are inclined downwardly toward the table 1 at such an angle, for example 45, that thespindles 8 may be disposed in axial alignment with the respective cylinders 2 when the block I is shifted rearwardly into operative position (see Fig. 4).

A tool slide or carriage I8 is mounted for recip-l rocation on the guideways I8. To provide means for reciprocating the carriage I9, a cylinder 28' is mounted within the column 4 and extends in the direction of reciprocation. A piston 2| -is slidably disposed in the cylinder 28, and has a piston rod 22 operatively connected to a bracket 28 fixed to the underside of the carriage I8.

Any suitable number of spindles 8 with any desired number and character oi'A cutting tools may be provideddepending on the requirements of the work. In thepresent instance, one spindie 8 is provided for each of the engine cylinders 2, and each spindle has a radially projectlng ily tool 24 adapted for ilnish cylinder boring. The spindles 8 are Journaled in suitable bearings 25y removably mounted on a base bracket 28 xed on the tool carriage I8.- In the present instance, four spindles 8 are provided. and each is driven through a multiple-belt drive 28 lby an individual electric motor 21 mounted on the bracket 28.

The pressure iluid for actuating the table 1 and` carriage I8 lis `'supplied selectively to oppo. site-ends of each of the cylinders I8 and 28 from a hydraulic vsystem illustrated schematicallyin Fig. 8, The system may receive fluid under pressure'from any suitable source, such, for example, volume Dump 28 used for theftool feed and for positioningA the work table 'Land a low.v pressure high volume pump 88 used for rapid approachand return. These pumps are mounted in tandem on a estal 4 '(see Fig. 7), joint drive through a electric motor 88. The inlet 0i' each pump is connected to a sump or reservoir 84 castintegral with the interior of the pedestal 4. I

v Connection oi the pumpslaandl ls-under the control of a pressure selecting'valvell comprising a valve spool 88 slidablein a valvev chamber 81 opening to a main pressure supply line 88. In Aone extreme position of adjustment, the valve spool 88 serves to'connect the discharge line 88 of the high pressure 88. and the discharge line 48 or the low pressure pump 488 chamber 81 to the sump 84. In theother exposition oi' adjustment, the foregoing conand are connected for .a

88 and 48 have branch connections respectively with high and low pressure relie! valvesv 42 and 48 discharging to the'drain line 4|. These relief make available required by the nature of the-operation t0 be performed.

base 3| withinthe Dedtlexible coupling to an= pump28 to the line to a drain line 4I opening from the 55 n The pressure fluid supply line 88 has two branches adapted to be connected respectively through a table index valve 44 selectively to opposite ends o! the cylinder I8, and a through main control valve 48 selectively to opposite ends ofthe cylinder 28. The index valve 44 comprises a `valve chamber," having 4appropriately spaced port connections with the supply line 88, the drain line 4| and two lines 41 and 48 leading to. opposite ends oi the cylinder I 8. A 48 is reciprocable in the chamber 48, and in its extreme positions ofxadjustment acts in one instance .to connect the line 88 to the line 41 and the line 48 tothe drain line 4|, thereby advanc- .ing the work into operative position, and in the other instance to reverse the connections, thereby retracting the work out of engagement with the tools (see Fig. 4*)

The main control valve 48 comprises a valve housing 88 formed with a valve bore 8| having appropriately spaced port `connections with the supply line 88, a branched and relatively `unrestricted exhaust passage'82 opening to the drain line 4I, two lines 88 and 84 leadingl to opposite ends of the 'cylinder 28, and an exhaust line 88 connected to the line 4| in parallel to the pas- Isage 82 and includingan adjustable feed control oriilce valve I88. A valve spool 81 is reciprocable in the bore 8|., and-'controls the po'rt connections to eiIect selectively a rapid approach,

a feed, arapidfreturn. '.I'hus, when the spool 81 is in the extreme right hand position, the supply line 88 is connected to the line 88, and the v line -84 opens to the'unrestricted vexhaust passage 82, for rapid approach of the' carriage I 8. Upon movement of the valve spool 81 to the left sumclent to vclose theY passage 82, but not the line- 88,'the exhaust `tluid from the line 84 is obliged to pass through the restricted line 88,

therebyreducing the rate ot'travel to a cutting feed.- When the spool 81 is in the extreme lett hand position, the supply line l88 is connected to the line 84 and the line 88 opens to the unrestricted exhaust passage i'or rapid return. In

itsintermediate-position, as shown in Fig. 8, the

valve spool 81 closes the line 88 and the exhaust passage 82 to stop the operation oi' the car-l riage I8. 4 'I'he hydraulic circuits thus far described con- 60 stitute the main operating circuits oi' the system, and areunder .the full pressure existing in the line 88. -The various valves, with the exception of the controlvalve 48, namely, the valves 88, 42, 48 and 44,- are mounted within the column 4. All of these valves are interlocked with and controlled from le, pilot control comprising lpilot control circuits under a relatively low pressure,

and 'a plurality ot pilot valves, namely, a start and stop valve 88, direction control valves 88 eo and 88. a rapid traverse valve 8| and a feed valve 82, operable by the carriage I8.v The pilot control also includes a dwell mechanism 88 for preventing imrne'diate institution of the'rapld return at the end of the feed stroke.

control,'together with the main control valve 48 andthe restricted adjustable o'riiiee valve 88 areincorporated in a unitaryV control panel 84 (see '1) which is mounted on the iront side of .7o the column 4. and whichvis so arranged that' thepilot valves 88 to82 are operable selectively by suitable control dogs 88! to -82 adJusta'bly mounted in a T-slot 88 in the side of the carriage I8.

78 and b y adjustment or the orince .valve 88 and Valve Spool' The various operating elements ol' the pilot By selection and adjustment of the 1108s; g

ating circuits which is subject floating stop pistons the dwell mechanism 83, various machine cycles -diiering in movement rates and sequences may be obtained.

Fluid is supplied to the housing 50. The 61 opening from the pressure chamber 68 the pressure in the chamber 68 by a`.compression spring 1 I having a tension adjusting seat 12. The plunger v10 is formed with a longitudinal bore 13 open to the chamber 68, and adapted forcommunication with the line 38 or the chamber 69. It will be evident that the valve 66 serves to meter fluid from the line 38, which opens about the plunger 10, to the pressure chamber 68 which serves as the primary source of uid supplyl for the pilot control circuits. When the pressure in the chamber 68 acting on the end of the valve member 10 balances the spring 1|, the supply of fluid will be cut off.

sure leakage past the valve 66 into the charnber 68, the resulting excessl pressure will urge the plunger 10 to the right and allow fluid to escape through the bore 13 to the drain ch'amber 69. As a result, a balanced relatively low pressure is substantially maintained in the chamber 68 at all times.

The purpose in utlizing a uniform pressure in the pilot control lower than that in the operating circuits is to reduce the force required to operate the pilot valves 58 to 62, and. thereby to diminish the load on the table dogs 58*` to 621'.' Also, the pressure available to actuate the valvesK 35, u and 45 will remain constant at all times regardless of the prevailing pressure in the main operto selection and adjustment.

The pilot valves 58 to 62 comprise a plurality of bores 13 to 11 .formed in the panel 64, and a plurality o! spool valve plungers'18 to 82 reciprocable in the bores and projecting therefrom for selective actuation by the dogs 58* to 62. Low pressure fluid fromthe chamber 68 is directed through a branched line 83 to the respective valve bores 13 to 11, and acts against the upper piston areasof the spool plungers 18 to 82. A leakage drain line 84 opens from the upper end portion of each of the valve bores-13 to 11 to the line 4|.

Thestart and stop valve 58 isavailable to effeet adjustment of the main control valve 45 into neutral position. Thus, the valve bore 13 has appropriately arranged port connections with the drain line 4| and a branched line 85 opening to the outer ends of two cylinders 86 and 81 at opposite ends of the main valve bore Two 88 and 89 are slidable in the cylinders 86 and 81 and adapted for separable engagement with opposite ends of the -spool valve 51. When the stop plunger 18 is depressed, the lines 83 and 85 are connected, and hence the pistons 88 and 89 are held against the `inner ends of the cylinders 86 and 81 to center the spool valve 51. When the plunger 18 is elevated, the line 85 is connected to the. drain line 4I, and the spool valve 51 is released for actuation trol ,of the direction pilot valves 59 and 60 as hereinafter described. Y

The plunger 18 maybe operated manually from the front of the panel 64 by means of a hand lever 90 to start and stop the carriage I9, and is selfmaintained in either position. When the plunger the pilot control circuits at i a relatively low pressure under the control oi In the event of high presunder the con- 18 is elevated to start the operation, it is locked inoperative position by pressure fluid in the lower end of the bore 13 supplied from the line 83 through a branch line 9|. When the plunger 18 '5 is depressed to stopthe operation, the line 9| is closed, and the lower end of the bore 13 is vented through a passage 92 to the drain line 4I. The pilot valves 59 and 60 are operable respectively to institute the forward and return movements of the carriage I9,

- alternately for coaction with the dogs 59'L and 60. Each has port connections with the supply and drain-lines 83 and 94 opening respectively to the sides of the valve bores and 14 and to the lower endsof the bores 14 and 15 and also to the inner ends of the cylinders 81 yand 86. The port, connections are so l arranged that when the plunger 19 is depressed. assuming the dwell mechanism 63 is disabled as hereinafter explained, the line 94 will be connected to the supply line 83 and direct uid under pressure to the lower endA oi the valve bore 15, thereh'.- causing upward movement of the plunger 80 to connect the line 93 through valve |09, line |03 and valve 60 to the drain line 4|. As a' result, the plunger' 19 is locked in depressed position, and the spool valve 51 is shifted to the right to institute the forward movement. Conversely, when the plunger 80 is depressed, pressure fluid is supplied through the line 93 to the inner'end and the lower end o! the bore 14, and is exhausted, as a result of the attendant outward movement of the plunger 19, from the 'inner end of the cylinder 86 and the lower` end` of the bore 15, to` institute the rapid carriage return. The pilot valves and also. the valves 35, 44 and 45 for selective rapid approach and feed and correlated positioning of the work table 1. The approach feed position of the main spool valve 51 is determined by a stop collar 95 reciprocable in a cylinder 96 at the right end of the valve boreI 5|. Whenthe collar 95 is moved into the left hand position, it will shift the r spool valve 51 against the pressure in the inner a end of the cylinder 86 and into anintermediate position to closethe passage 52 but not the restricted exhaust line 55. During the rapid approach, the plunger 8| is depressed, and connects the pressure line 83 to a cross line 91 opening to the lower end of thebore 11, and the plunger 82 is elevated, and connects the drain line 4I to a cross line 98 havingv branches opening to the lower end of the bore 16 and the right end of the cylinder 96. Therefore, the plunger 6| is hydraulically locked in lowered position, and the collar 95 is relieved so that the main valve spool 51 may occupy its extreme right hand position. Duringfeed, the plunger 82 is depressed, and connects the pressure line 83 to the cross line 98, thereby directing pressureiiuid to the lower end of the bore 16and the right end of the cylinder 96. As a result, the valve spool 51 is held in feed position by the Vcollar 95, and the plunger 8| is elevated to connect theV cross line 9-1 to the drain line 4|.

' of the cylinder 81 The pressure selecting valve 3'5 is actuatedand to reset each other` 4| and with cross lines 93 and 6| and 62 control each other A 4dein'esses the plunger 'reversal at the end o! the in constant communication with the pressure line 93: When the valve plunger 9| nected through the cross line 90 to.the drain line 4| and hence the constantly .applied pressure in the cylinder will shift the valve spool 30 into the left hand position toconnect the pump 30 l pressure is applied through the line 93 to the cylinder |00 and acts to shift the valve spool 36 into the right hand position, thereby reversing i the pump connections. y

The table index valve 44 also is adjusted simul- 'taneously with the speed changes so as to shift the table 1 into operative position (see Fig. 4) during feed and into inoperative position (see Fig. 4) during rapid traverse. To this end, the cross lines 91 and 98 have branches connected respectively to the outer ends of two cylinders |0| and |02 in which the opposite ends oi' the valve spool 49 are slidably disposed. During the rapid approach-and rapid return the line 91 is under pressure so that 'the valve spool 49 is located in the left hand position toconnect the lines 38 and 49. During the feed movement, the line 98 is under pressure so cated in the right hand position to connect the lines 39 and'41.

independently f the valves 6| and 62 into position to eil'ect carriage return, as by depression of the plunger 80. A line |03 opens at one end to the'valve bore 15 for communication with the line'03 when the plunger is depressed, and at the other end to the end of the valve bore 43 opposite the cylinder |02. The line 92, thereby elevating the plunger 9|. As a result, the collar shifts the valve 45 into i'eed position, the pump 29 is connected to the line 33, and the work table 1 "is moved intooperative position. At the end of the boring operation, the dogs`80* and 0|' plunger 19 to institute rapid diately after reversal, the dog 19l depresses the plunger 19 to stop the carriage I 9.

Onv occasion, it may be boring operation, and the dwell mechanism 33 is selectively available This mechanismcomprises a -I34 fixed in the lower- -end portion of the'cylinder |04 connected to the drain line 4I n A l approach. butimme-v is depressed to establish rapid traverse, the cylinder 99 is conthe pressure line 93.

r through Athe line 40 to the main pressure line 33 that the valve spool 49 is loplunger su at the not immediately cause pressure fluid to be directed desirable to delay'the The cylinderi approach.

|04 between the bushing |04l and the reduced area of the piston |09 is constantly connected through an adjustable restricted orice |03 to =The other 'end of the cylinder |34, exposed to the large area of the piston |00, opens to a line |01. Another line |09 opens rfrom an intermediate point in the cylinder |04, and is adapted to' be connected in the elevated position ofthe piston |05 to the space between two collars |00 on the piston and thence through a radial port I9l and an axial passage |09d to the lower end of the cylinder |04, and to be uncovered by the piston |09 when the latter is moved into the other extreme position by the applicA tion oi' a diil'erential pressure. A manually a justable two position valve |09 is available selectively to connect either the line |01 to the line |03 opening-to the valve bore 15 for communication with the pressure line 93 when the plunger is depressed, and the line |03 to the line 93, or to connect the line |01 to the line |09 and the line 93 through the 1ine |03 directly to the valve bore. The orifice |06 and the valve |09 are mount-f edinthepane164. g Y

When a dwell is not desired, the valve |09 is adjusted to connect the lines 93 and |03, and the system will operate ashereinbefore described. When a dwell is desired, thevalve |09 is adjusted into the other position as shown in Fig. 8, so that the line 93 isnot directly-connected to the pilot valve 60, but will receive pressure fluid ,from the cylinder |04 or will exhaust through the piston |09 directly'to the line 4|. Depressing the end oi' the boring operation will into the line 93. Instead. the carriage I9 will cylinder |04. Y sponse to the differential pressure at a rate determined by the setting oftthe oriilce |06, and at the end or this movementAK will open the line |03 to supply pressure fluid to the lin'e 93. 'I'he delay, however, will not prevent immediate operation of the index valve 44 to eilect movement o1' the table `I-ixito inoperative vposition. since the line |03 is not controlledby the valve |09.

jFig. 9 illustrates a modified form oi' hydraulic a variable delivery pump |I0 is substituted for the pumps 29 and 30. The specinc details of the pump I|0 per se'fcrm no part of the present invention, and hence are not disi'or example, by connectingthe orifice exhaust side of the in a copending application by Ira J. Snader and Max A. .Mathya Serial No. v147,118, lfiled June 9,11937(PatentNo..2,299,234).V v

Since the pump III is adapted to supply fluid at diderentpnssumsfor rapid traverse and feed, the system 42 and 43 nor a pressure selecting valve 33, but in all other respects is like the with th 33, and

in Flg.-

does not include relief valves It is desirable to bore all of the work cylinders 2 on one side of the block I in one operation to avoid the necessity for relocation or indexing. A diiculty arises when the spacing of the cylinders 2 is less than the minimum obtainable spacing of the spindle axes. It has therefore been the prac-` Each of the spindle bearings 25 is in the form of a solid body bracket (see Figs. 2, 5, 11 and 12) 4which is secured directly to a mounting pad III on the base bracket 26, and which is rectangular in cross section and formed with Aa tubular extension I |2'on one end. The spindle 5 extends longitudinally through the bracket 25, and is supported therein by a plurality of spaced antifriction bearings H3. Two of the bearings H3 are mounted in opposite ends of the rectangular body portion and are separated by a spacer sleeve H4. To permit close spacing f the spindle axes,.each l bearing bracket25 is made relatively narrow, and preferably just Wide enough to accommodate the bearings H3. Bolts H5 are provided for clamping the bracket 25 tothe pad Il, and are arranged in sets spaced axially of the bearings I I3 so as not to require extra sidewall thickness. The bolts of each set are staggered to avoid undue weakening of the side walls, and the bolts of the intermediate set extend through recesses H6 in opposite sides of the sleeve I I4. To oiset the loss in strength and rigidity at the sidewalls, the top and bottom walls, particularly the latter, of each bracket 25 are increased 'in vertical thickness and formed with square corners, thereby providing substantial mass with an economy in lateral space. Consequently, the tubular extension I I2 is disposed eccentrically or in vertically oiset relation to the center line of the bracket 25.

- The various brackets 25 may be disposed in flat side engagement on Athe mounting pad III for -minimum spacing. To provide a larger spacing or an uneven spacing as required for different engine blocks, suitable flat rectangular` spacerl blocks H1 of proper thicknesses may be interchangeably interposed between the .various spindle brackets 25. For spacing less than that shown, the pulleys on the spindles may be staggered to avoid interference. Preferably, the brackets 25 and spacer blocks I I1 are spanned and covered by an inverted U-shaped bridge member H8 rigid with the base bracket 26. In assembly, the brackets 25 and blocks |I1 are positioned underneath the bridge ||8 invproperly spaced relation, and are held together against one side wall sible angular range, and are conveniently secured side by side to a mounting pad |22 on the upper end portion of th'e base bracket III. Each de the outer face of the disk |30.

of the bridge by screws I I9 threaded through the other side wall while the bolts I I5 are tightened.

The spindle motors 21 preferably are mounted on the top of the bridge H8. To .provide sumcient space for the motors 21, side extensions |204 may be formed on opposite sides of the bridge H8.

The tools 24 and the work are maintainedy out objectionable tool marks on the finished work surfaces. To this end, the spindles are stopped in a predetermined position of rotation at the end of the boring operation preparatory to lateral separation by shifting of the work table 1. Referring particularly to Fig. 4, each tool 24 should project generally in the same direction as the movement of the table 1 toward inoperative position. The position of rotation in which each spindle 5 must be stopped need not be exact, but may be anywhere within an angular range extending `over a substantial portion of one side of the tool circle of revolution. Th'e extent of the permissible range is such that the tool 24 will not engage the opposite side of the work bore at the end of the work table movement. A range of approximately is satisfactory.

A plurality of positioning devices |2| (see Figs. 5 and4 6) are provided for stopping the spindles 5 with the tools 24 located within the permisvice I2I comprises a brake |23 which is always applied when the spindle motor circuit is open,

and released when the circuit for forward rota` tion is closed. To prevent overrun of the aforesaid range, the device |2I is operable in conjunction with means for automatically reversing the motor drive at a, slow speed and during brake application before final spindle positioning, and to this end comprises means for interrupting the motor circuit for the reverse drive when the spindle reaches the approach' limit of the range.

More particularly, each positioning device |2| 'comprises two hollow housings |24 and |25 arranged end to end and bolted together and to the mounting pad |22 in line with'the associated spindle 5. The abutting ends of the housings |24 and |25 are hollowedto define an intermediate chamber |25 within which the brake |23 is located. Journaled in and extending through the end Walls of the housing |24 is a shaft |21 connected through a flexible coupling |28 to the upper end of the associated spindle 5.

The brake |23 may be of any suitable form or character, and preferably is of the friction disk type comprising a disk |29 rigidly connected to and rotatable with the'shaft |21, and an opposed nonrotatable axially movable' disk |30 with a friction facing. The disk |30 is fixed on oneend of a rod |3| extending slidably through the housing |25. A plurality of parallel plungers |32 are annularly arranged about the rod |3|, and extend slidably through the inner end wall of the housing |25 into recesses or seats |33 in Coiled compression springs |34 engage the free ends of the plungers |32 and seat against screws |35 adjustably threaded through the outer end wall of the housing |25. The spring actuated lplungers |32 serve lto hold the disk |30 against rotation, and tend to move it axially into` braking engagement with the disk |29. 'Ihe brake pressure may be adjusted by turning the screws |35 to vary the compression of the springs |34.

"Electromagnetic means is provided for releasclosure |31 on the exterior of the housing |25,

and having an axially movable core |38. One

vof contact during'tlie axial withdrawal of the spindles 5 so as to prevent the. formation, `of

endof the core |38 extends into the housing |25 and is connected to thefree end of a. lever arm |38. The other end of arm |38 is pivotally mounted on a pin |40, and is connected at one l die motor able, and may^ be of the openingmovement of the brake |25. The heel of the arm |55 and thelink |4| constitute a -toggle withan anchor pivot at the pin |45. A

coiled compression spring |45 acting on the arm f asomar sideof its pivot to a link |4|extending gener- The other coil |52 across the lines |55 and I51'in parallel tothe starting switch |55. It will be evident that |55 tends to break` the .toggle Joint for brake application, and the solenoid |55 when energized acts to straighten th'e joint to effect brake release.

Mounted within the housing |24 is a commutator |45 for controlling the circuits for the spin- 21 during the reverse drive. The commutator |45 comprises a split drum |41 of electrical conducting material mounted on an insulating bushing |45 in turn iixed on the shaft |21. A ninety degree (90) segment |45 of insulating material, such as mica. is embedded or otherwise interposed between the split edges of the drum |41. Two electrical `contact brushes |55 are mounted in the top wall of the housing |.24-and are spaced longitudinally of the shaft |21 for end bearing engagement with the drum |41 and segment |45. 'Ihe drum |41 and the brushes |55 constitute a switch in the reverse drivecircuits for the motor 21 and the insulating segment |45 defines the stopping range of the tool 24. Since the reverse drive is slow and resisted by the brake |23, the spindle 5 will stop before the segment |45 'can coast past the brushes |55.

'I'he motor 55 for the pumping'means oi' the hydraulic system, and the spindle drive motors 21 are controlled by an electric system illustrated diagrammatically in spindle drive motors are alike and in parallel. and hence may be adapted to any desired number of tool spindles. To avoid unnecessary duplication in the description, only circuits for two of the spindle motors have -been shown.

The electric and hydraulic systems are intery locked in such a manner that the hydraulic drive will stopeat the start of the feed if the spindles 5 are not in operation or if the work table is not in operative position, and at the start of thereturn movement if the spindles are not idle and thetable is not in inoperative position.

The electric system may be connected to any suitable source of current, such, f'or example,"as alternating current supply mains o r lines L1, La

and La.

The hydraulic system drive motor 55 is adapted to be the supply mains by a normally open switch |5I movable into closed position -by a coli |52. 'Excitation of the coil |52 is primarily under the control of a normally open starting switch |55, a normally closed motor stop switch |54 and a normally closed master stop switch |55 for the entire system. -These switches are manually operpush button type. When the switch |55 is closed momentarily, a circuit is completed from the main L1, through a line |55, the coil |52, a line |51, a normally closed switch the motor- 53 will stop upon the opening of either of the switches |54 and |55.

The switches |55'and |55 are adapted to be open during the reverse spindle drive, and the switch |55 is adapted to be opened momentarily by a cam |55* on the carriage I5 at the start of the return movement. If the spindles 5 are idle, opening of the switch |55 will not interrupt the circuit for the motor 55. However, if the spindles are operating, opening of the switch |55 will stop the hydraulic drive to preventthe return movement. L

A circuit parallel to the switch |55 is adapted to be closed from theline |54 through a switch by a cam |52* immediately after the start of the carriage return movement, and the switch |55 Fig. l0. The circuits for the ing of the switch |52 connected for unidirectional rotation to |55 and/or normally closed switches |55 and |55 in series, a line |5|, a normally closed switch |52 and/or a switch-|55, aline |54, a normally closed switch `|55 adapted to be opened during the borlng feed movement, a line |55, the starting switch a line |51, the stop switch |54, a line |55,v

is held open by a cam |55* during the boring feed stroke. The switch |15 is closed when the spindies l'are in forward drive. At the start of the approachmovement, the circuit is closed through the switches- |52 and |55. At the start of the feed movement, the circuit will be closed through the switches |52, |1| and |15 if the table 1 is in operative position and the spindles 5 are operating. Ii' these conditions are not fulfllled, the motor 55 will be disconnected to stop the carriage I9 at the start of ythe feed movement. At the end of the feed movement, the switch |55 is closed so that the switches and |15 may be opened without interrupting the circuit. However, should the table 1 not be in inoperative position immediately afterv the start of the return movement, o penwill interrupt the circuit. The spindle motors 21 are adapted to be connected for high speed rotation in one direction directly to the supply mains L1, Le and La respectively by two normally open switches |14 and |15 movable into closed position by two coils |15 and |11 jointly under -the control oi' a normally open switch |15 and a normally closed switch |15. The switch |15 is adapted to beclosed momentarily by a cam |15*v at the start of the rapid.

approach movement, and when closed completes a circuit from the main L1, through the line |55, the coils |15 and |11 in parallel, a line |55, the switch |15, and the switch |15 to the line |55. A switch |52 operable with the main-circuit switch |15 serves to close a holding circuit for the coils l|15 and |11 through a line I 5| acrom the switch It will be evident that the coils |15 and |11 will be deenerglzed to effect opening of the motor switches .|14 and' |15, without interrupting the circuit for the motor 55, upon the opening of switch |15. 'I'he switch |15 is adapted to be opened by s.l cam I15 just before the end of the feed movement. i

The spindle motors 21 may also be connected for a low speed drive in a reverse direction. respectively b'y switches |55 and |54, to a low voltage source of current, such as an autotransformer |55 connected to the mains L1, La and Lz. The motor/switches |55 and I 54 are normally open. and are movable into closed position respectively by coils |55 and |51 adapted to bel connected through normally open relay switches |55 and |89 across 'the lines |56 and |68. T'he switches |88 and |89 are under the control of two relay coils |90 and |9| adapted to be connected in parallel across thesecondary of a transformer l the plunger 18 is elevated Two electric resistance elements, preferably indicating lamps |91 and |98, are connected in parallel to the two commutators |46 respectively acrossthe lines |93 and |94, and |93 and |96. These lamps do not permit the passage of suilicient current to close the switches |88 and |89, but indicate whether or not the transformer |92 is energized for reverse drive of the spindles 5.

The-transformer |92 is adapted to be connected by a normally open switch |99 from the main L1 through a-line 200 to the, line |68. It is to be understood that the switch |99 will not be closed unless the circuits for the coils |16 and |11 have been disabled as by .momentarily opening the switch |19. vSuitable mechanical interlocks (not shown) may be provided between the main motor switches |14 and |15, and the switches |83 and |84 to prevent simultaneous closure. The switch |99 is adapted to be closed by a cam |99'- at the end of the feed movement and the startv of the return movement.

When the switch |99 is closed, the transformer |92 is energized, and hence current will be supplied to drive the motors y21 unless the spindles 5 are in a predetermined position of rotation. Considering one of the spindles 5 and assuming that it is rotatably disposed 180 from the position indicated in Figs. 4 and 4SL the commutator drum |41 will connect the brushes |50 to close the low resistance circuit for the coil |90, and hence the spindle will rotate slowly in a reverse direction. As soon as the insulation segment |49 breaksthe connection, the switch |83 will be caused to open.

The spindle brakes |23 are automatically applied whenever the spindle motors 21 ar'e deencrgizcd. To this end. the brake releasing solcnoids |36 are connected respectively in circuits across two supply lines of the motors, and are controlled by normally open switches 20| and 202 operable by coils 203 and 204. These coils are connected in parallel respectively with the coils |16 and |11. Taking one of the spindles 5 as illustrative, when the'coils |16 and 203 are energized, current is supplied to the motor 21 through the switch |14, and to the solenoid |36V through the switch 20| to release the brake. Interruption ofthe motor circuit also serves to interrupt the brake circuit to effect application of the brake. i

The coils 203 and 204 are/not energized during the reverse drive, and hence the brakes |23 apply a drag to thespindles 5 so as to insure that the spindles will stop immediately upon interruption of the control circuits by the insulating segments |49.

It will be evident from the foregoing that the switches |58, |62, |65,` |18, |19 and |99 are operable in response to the carriage movement and that the operation thereof is correlated to the operation of the pilot valves 68 to 62. To this 'fixed position on the front end, the switch actuating cams |68, |62, |66", |18, |19* and |99. are adjustably mounted in the T-slot on the side of the carriage I9 and the switches operable -thereby are mounted in 'of the column 4.

|53 is closed and then to institute the rapidapproach movement of the carriage |9. Immediately thereafter the -cam |18li closes the switch |18 to institute forward drive of the spindle mo-4 tors 21. Thereupon, the

In operation, the switch switch |13 is closed to prepare the shunt holding circuit for the motor 33. When the plunger |32,`

is depressed to institute the boring feed, the table* 1 is moved into operative position, thereby opening the switch |63 and closing the switch I1 and thecam |65a opens the switch |65. The pilot control circuit for the motor 33, however, is uniioiding switch la: is closed to maintain the spindle circuit, and the interrupted since the circuit will be closedl through the switches |.1| and |13. Just before the end of the feed movement, the cam |19 will open the switch |19, thereby interrupting the forward spindle drive and applying the brakes |23. At the end of the feed movement, the cam |65 will permit the switch |65 to close, the cam |99 will close the switch |99 to institute the reverse spindle drive with the brakes applied, the dog illa will depress the plunger 8| to effect elevation of the plunger 82 and thereby condition the system for rapid traverse, and the dog 808L will depress the plunger 80 to institute the return movement. ,The return movement, however, is delayed -until the piston |05 moves to connect the lines |01 and |08. During the dwell, the table 1 will be moved into inoperative position, thereby closing the switch |63 and opening the switch |1|, and the spindles will stop'in the aforesaid predetermined position of rotation. At the start of the return movement after the dwell, the cam 58a will open the switch 58.l The return move` ment will continue if'the reversespindle drive is interrupted. Shortly after the start of the return movement, the cam |62a will open the switch |62, but the return movement will continue if the table 1 has-been shifted into inoperative position to close the switch |63.

. I claim as my invention:

1. In amachine tool, in combination, a base,

-, drive for said spindle, a normally applied brake for said spindle, and electric control means for said drive automatically operable to eilect rotation of said spindle in one direction with the brake released and at a predetermined point in the carriage movement to reverse the spindle rotation with the brake applied and to interrupt the reverse drive upon movement of said spindle into a predetermined position of rotation.

2. A hydraulic operating mechanism for a reciprocable element of a machine tool comprising, in combination, a-base for supporting said element, a hydraulic motor for reciprocating said element, valve means including two pilot valves mounted in fixed position on said base and operable respectively to effect rapidtraverse and feed movements of said element, each pilot valvev comprising a casing and a valve member movable therein and projecting therefrom, control means on said carriage, each member having an inoperative position and an operative position for engagement with said control means, a pressure uid supply passage for said valve means, a high pressure low volume pump, a low pressure high volume pump. a reversible pressure selecting valve for connecting one or the other of said pumps to saidpassage, and.two passages cross connecting vsaid casings and controlled by said members for selective connection to said supply passage to automatically return either member into opera- 7 tive position upon movement `of the other member into inoperative position by said control means, and to eiect adjustmentof said pressure selecting valve respectively in opposite directions.

3. A hydraulic operating mechanism for a reciprocable element of a machine tool comprising. in combination, a b'ase for supporting said element,. a hydraulic motorv for reciprocating said element, valve means including two pilot valves mounted in ilxed position on said base and operable respectively to eil'ect rapid traverse and feed movements of said element, each pilot valve comprising a casing and a valve member movable therein and projecting therefrom, control meanson @aid carriage, each member having an inoperative position and an operative' position for engagement with said control means, a source of iluidvunder pressure, two pas-- sages cross connecting said casings and controlled by said members for selective connection lto said source to automatically return either member into operative position upon movement of the other member into inoperative position by said control means, a support movable on said base transversely of,a said carriage into and out of operative position', and hydraulic means selectively controlled by said pilot valves for moving said support into operative position upon institution of said carriage feed an@ into inoperative movement upon institution of said' rapid traverse. f l

4. In a boring machine, a rotary boring Spindle, a boring tool projecting laterally at one end of said spindle, a work support, means for procuring relative reciprocatory movement between said support and said spindle parallel to the axis of said spindle, an electric motor connected to drive said spindle, means including a rotary commutator switch with an insulating segment for .stopping said motor to stop the rotation of said spindle with said tool projecting in a predetermined direction as determined by the range oi' said segment, means for transverse movement between said spindle and support in a direction such-that the spindle axis is displaced from the axis of the Ibore of the work- .procurlng relativeaceras? and an insulating segment, stationary contacts spaced longitudinally of said shaft and in periph-` eral wiping engagement with said element, said element and said contacts vconstituting a control switch, a friction brake for said shaft and normally engaged `by spring means and adapted to be disengaged by electromagnet means, electric control means for said motor including circuits to eifect normal rotation of said spindle and operable to energize said electromagnet means, and circuits including said switch to eflfeet positioning rotation of said spindle and deenergization of said electromagnetic means, said switchbeing operable to interrupt said last mentioned circuits upon movement of said insulating segment into engagement with said contacts' to stop said spindle in a predetermined position of rotation within the rage of said insulating segment, and means for placing said respective circuits selectively in control. f

7. An hydraulic operating mechanism for two reciprocable elements of a machine tool comprising.- in combination, a base for supporting said elements, two hydraulic motors for respectively reciprocating said elements, a source of n lluid under a relatively high pressure, a source piece, in a direction opposite the projection of the tool, and means controlling the two last said `Ameans operable at the end of the boring operathe tionand before'the return stroke whereby tool passes through the ilnished bore without contacting the same.

5. A'tool spindle positioning device comprising, in combination, a rotary spindle, an electric drive motor connected to rotate said spindle in forward and reverse directions. a shaft supported in axial alinementwith said spindle and connected thereto for rotation therewith, a split contact drum concentrically secured to said shaft, an insulating segment extending through approximately 90 inserted between the` split edges/o1' said drum, stituting a rotary switch element, two stationary contacts spaced longitudinally of said shaft and in peripheral wiping engagement with said element, said element and said contacts constituting a control switch, and electric control means for said motor including circuits to effect forward rotation of said spindle and circuits includof iluid under a relatively low pressure, a pressure supply line, a pressure selecting valve for connecting one or the other of said sources to said line, a first direction valve for supplying fluid from said line selectively to oppOsite ends of one of said motors for oneof said elements, a second direction valve for supplying fluid from said line selectively to opposite ends of the other of said motors for the other of said elements. pilot valve means operable to reverse said rst valve, and pilot valve means operable to reverse said second valve and simultaneously to alternate the connection of said sources to said line, said pilot valves being selectively operable in response to movement of saidone element into diilerent positions of translation.

8. In a machine tool, in combination, a base,

4a carriage movable on said base. a spindle "'mounted on said carriage for movement therewith, a normally applied friction brake torsaid spindle, reversible drive means for rotating said spindle at a relatively high speed in a forward direction and at a relatl vely low speed in areverse direction, control meansfor said drive means and operable to institute the drive in said forward direction and'to release said brake, and

control means for rendering said ilrst mentioned control means inoperable and being operable said drum and segment conto effect said drive in said reverse direction y against the resistance of said brake. said last mentioned control means being rendered inoperable so as to eil'ect stopping of said drive in said reverse direction upon rotation'of said spindle 4into a predetermined angular position.

` IRA J. SNADER. 

